PORTALBERITA.CO.ID - Groundbreaking genetic analysis conducted on ancient grape seeds recovered from Tuscan wells has successfully mapped an extensive DNA lineage dating back to the Roman era, as reported by The Guardian. This research sheds new light on the sophisticated agricultural practices characterizing vineyard management across the vast Roman Empire centuries ago.
Researchers from the University of York spearheaded this study, which uncovered a significant historical anomaly regarding the famed Chianti region of Tuscany. The findings indicate that the area, universally celebrated today for its robust red Sangiovese wines, was predominantly home to white grape varieties during antiquity.
The crucial archaeological evidence originated from Cetamura del Chianti, a significant hilltop location previously occupied by Etruscans, Romans, and later medieval Italian communities. Inhabitants intentionally discarded grape pips into deep wells between 300 BC and 300 AD, where anaerobic mud perfectly preserved the organic material for millennia.
"We sequenced the DNA of 80 seeds and found a remarkable story of continuity," stated Dr Oya Inanli, co-author of the study from the University of York. This sequencing allowed scientists to trace the genetic heritage maintained across centuries of Tuscan occupation.
The majority of the analyzed seeds belonged to a single, genetically identical variety that transitioned directly from Etruscan cultivation straight into Roman hands, remaining stable for hundreds of years. Dr Inanli further elaborated on the specific findings: "We were also able to go a step further with the genetic testing and determine the colour of the ancient grapes. The markers revealed that this dominant, long-lived clone produced white berries."
This high prevalence of white grape cultivation came as a considerable shock to the scientific team examining the findings. Professor Nancy De Grummond of Florida State University, who has directed excavations at Cetamura del Chianti since 1973, commented on the implications.
"Our team’s research adds an important chapter on the history of wine in the viticulture region of Chianti," affirmed Nancy De Grummond. She added, "What a delightful surprise to learn that the world-famous red wine of today was actually preceded by a white vintage that was curated and maintained for centuries in Etruscan and Roman times."
The study also provided evidence suggesting agricultural shifts occurred following the Roman conquest of the settlement. Genetic testing demonstrated that newer grape types began emerging at Cetamura, likely imported from other provinces within the expanding Roman territory.
Furthermore, the genetic fingerprint of the primary Cetamura vine displayed a close relationship with two ancient grape seeds previously examined in the southern regions of France. According to the researchers, this biological connection strongly supports the existence of extensive, long-distance agricultural networks throughout the Roman Empire. These networks, the study suggests, may have functioned as early predecessors to standardized, modern production methods in winemaking.
